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feat(web): add opt-in background scenes behind a tinted-glass interface - #12897

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saphid:feat/theme-backgrounds
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saphid:feat/theme-backgrounds

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@saphid

@saphid saphid commented Sep 21, 2026

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Problem

Themes in T3 Code only change colors. The workspace is always a flat, opaque surface. The glass utilities (surface-glass and the glass-opacity setting) already exist, but there's nothing behind them to show through. Apps like Bambooed show that a calm scene behind a translucent interface makes long sessions feel less sterile.

Change

This adds an opt-in Background scene under Settings → Appearance. When a scene is on, a fixed, dimmed image paints under every surface, and the main canvas, sidebar, and toolbar fills are rebuilt from the theme's solid colors at partial alpha. The interface reads as tinted glass over the scene.

  • Off by default. themeBackground defaults to none, so upgrading doesn't change how anyone's workspace looks.
  • Scenes: each of the five built-in themes has a matching scene, plus ten standalone scenes (Alpine, Aurora, Coastline, Dune, Fjord, Forest Lake, Highlands, Meadow, Nightfall, Terraces) that work with any theme. They live in apps/web/public/backgrounds/: 15 webp files, 23 to 125 KB each, about 870 KB in total. They're loaded only once a scene is picked.
  • Theme scene (auto) follows the active built-in theme. A scene you pick directly stays put when you change themes. Custom themes on auto show no scene, even if their id matches a standalone scene.
  • A Background transparency slider (0-100%, default 20%) sets how much of the scene shows through. Dark mode adds a stronger dim veil so dark palettes keep their text contrast.
  • Performance: the scene paints once on body::before. Large surfaces get no backdrop-filter, because one blurred layer that big repaints on every streaming frame. The scenes are softly defocused in the image itself instead.
  • Nested bg-background containers stop repainting while a scene is on, so the glass stays one layer instead of stacking up to opaque. Form controls (switch thumbs, checkboxes, radios, inputs, selects, toggles) keep a solid fill so their shapes stay readable. Terminal fills stay solid. Dialogs and popovers keep their existing glass treatment.
  • Browser chrome (theme-color and the window frame color) uses the solid scene tint while a scene is on and switches back when it's turned off.
  • Both settings are searchable ("background scene", "wallpaper", "backdrop"), and docs/user/appearance.md covers them.

Desktop gets this automatically because it wraps the web client. The desktop protocol CSP already allows img-src 'self', and the images use the same root-relative paths as the favicon. Mobile has its own theme system and is unchanged. The setting is a client setting, so mobile decodes it and ignores it.

Evidence

All captures come from the candidate running in a real browser (Chrome, 1280x800), paired to an isolated dev server with a copy of real workspace data. "Before" is the candidate at its default (None), which renders the same path as main: with the scene off, the new code sets no attributes or styles. I didn't run a separate main build.

Before/after: the default workspace with no scene, then the Ocean scene at the default 20% transparency (two-frame still-state GIF).

Before: flat opaque workspace with the scene off; After: Ocean lake scene visible through the tinted sidebar, header, and composer

The settings rows: the scene picker and transparency slider, with the switch thumbs, select triggers, and slider staying solid over the scene.

Settings → Appearance with Background scene set to Ocean and Background transparency at 20%, controls solid over the scene

Worst case, 100% transparency: the theme cards and controls stay readable over the full-strength scene.

Settings at 100% background transparency, the lake scene fully visible behind readable cards

More scenes

T3 Chat theme with its matching scene:

T3 Chat theme, soft rose garden scene behind the glass interface

Ember theme with its dusk scene:

Ember theme, warm dusk scene behind the glass interface

Grove in dark mode, where the scene stays subtle to protect contrast:

Grove dark mode, subtle bamboo scene

Ocean at 60% transparency:

Ocean theme at 60% background transparency, scene much stronger

These four were captured on earlier heads with the same scene assets. The only later changes are the default and the control fills, neither of which touches these workspace views.

Known limits: the thread shown is an empty draft, so the captures cover the sidebar, header, composer, and settings, but not long message text over a scene. Secondary metadata (branch labels, timestamps) has less contrast with a scene on, most noticeably in Grove dark. Only the web client in Chrome was exercised. The Electron shell wasn't launched.

Verification

  • vp test run packages/contracts/src/settings.test.ts apps/web/src/themeBackground.test.ts apps/web/src/components/settings/settingsSearch.test.ts apps/web/src/hooks/useTheme.test.ts: 215 passed. The theme-background tests cover a custom theme id that collides with a standalone scene; the contract test now iterates every ThemeBackgroundChoice literal and asserts the none default.
  • pnpm --filter @t3tools/contracts typecheck and pnpm --filter @t3tools/web typecheck: clean.
  • vp lint on the touched files: no new warnings. The two in __root.tsx predate this change.
  • In the live client: a fresh profile loads with the backdrop off. Picking Ocean turns it on. At 20% and 100% transparency, switch thumbs and select triggers compute a solid theme-canvas fill.

Model and harness: built with GLM (enablers/xlarge) via T3 Code / OpenCode, with Codex CLI image generation for the scenes. Reviewed and review fixes by Claude Opus 5.5 via Claude Code.

🤖 Generated with Claude Code

Every built-in theme ships a matching scenic backdrop that paints behind
the app. Main canvas fills re-derive from the theme's solid colors at
partial alpha so the interface reads as tinted glass over the scene, and
nested bg-background containers stop re-painting so the glass stays one
layer. Pick the scene in Settings > Appearance: Theme scene follows the
active theme, a specific scene sticks across theme changes, None turns
it off. Dark mode keeps the scene subtle to preserve text contrast.
@github-actions github-actions Bot added vouch:trusted PR author is trusted by repo permissions or the VOUCHED list. size:L 100-499 changed lines (additions + deletions). labels Sep 21, 2026
@saphid
saphid marked this pull request as ready for review September 22, 2026 00:37

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All clear

Posted via Macroscope — Effect Service Conventions

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Comment thread apps/web/src/routes/__root.tsx Outdated
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macroscopeapp Bot commented Sep 22, 2026

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Approvability

Verdict: Not approved

Macroscope's review found this PR not approvable — This PR introduces a substantial opt-in appearance feature spanning persistent settings, global rendering rules, browser chrome synchronization, and 15 production assets. Its cross-cutting runtime effects and new product defaults require human review.

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📒 Files selected for processing (8)
  • apps/web/public/backgrounds/ember.webp
  • apps/web/public/backgrounds/grove.webp
  • apps/web/public/backgrounds/iris.webp
  • apps/web/public/backgrounds/ocean.webp
  • apps/web/public/backgrounds/t3-chat.webp
  • apps/web/src/index.css
  • packages/contracts/src/settings.test.ts
  • packages/contracts/src/settings.ts

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📝 Walkthrough

Walkthrough

The change adds persisted background-scene and transparency settings. It synchronizes scenes with the active theme, renders translucent interface surfaces over the scene, and documents the settings.

Changes

Theme background scenes

Layer / File(s) Summary
Settings contract and control
packages/contracts/src/settings.ts, packages/contracts/src/settings.test.ts, apps/web/src/components/settings/SettingsPanels.tsx, apps/web/src/components/settings/settingsSearch.ts, docs/user/appearance.md
The settings contract adds supported background choices and bounded transparency values. Appearance settings expose scene and transparency controls, reset actions, search entries, and documentation.
Scene resolution and application
apps/web/src/themeBackground.ts, apps/web/src/themeBackground.test.ts
Background application restores the body fill when no scene URL is active. Tests cover supported selections, built-in assets, and missing-document behavior.
Root theme synchronization
apps/web/src/routes/__root.tsx
ThemeBackgroundSync reads the selected scene, transparency, and active theme values. It applies the scene and updates the transparency CSS variable in both layouts.
Backdrop rendering
apps/web/src/hooks/useTheme.ts, apps/web/src/index.css
Browser chrome uses backdrop tint colors and a transparent body when the backdrop is active. CSS renders the scene beneath tinted, translucent interface surfaces.

Priority: ⬇️ Low

Estimated code review effort: 3 (Moderate) | ~25 minutes

Change: Feature

Sequence Diagram(s)

sequenceDiagram
  participant SettingsPanel
  participant ClientSettings
  participant ThemeBackgroundSync
  participant useTheme
  participant applyThemeBackground
  participant BrowserDocument
  SettingsPanel->>ClientSettings: update themeBackground or themeBackgroundTransparency
  ClientSettings-->>ThemeBackgroundSync: provide setting values
  ThemeBackgroundSync->>useTheme: read active theme values
  ThemeBackgroundSync->>applyThemeBackground: resolve and apply scene
  applyThemeBackground->>BrowserDocument: update backdrop state and CSS properties
  BrowserDocument-->>BrowserDocument: render scene beneath interface surfaces
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Suggested reviewers: juliusmarminge

Merge Risk: ⚪ Minimal · up to 55ec9

No actionable merge-blocking risk remains from the reviewed change.

🚥 Pre-merge checks | ✅ 4 | ❌ 1

❌ Failed checks (1 warning)

Check name Status Explanation Resolution
Docstring Coverage ⚠️ Warning Docstring coverage is 37.50% which is insufficient. The required threshold is 80.00%. Docstring coverage is scoped to functions touched by this diff. Analyzed 8 functions across 8 files. (1 skipped: 1… Write docstrings for the functions missing them to satisfy the coverage threshold.
✅ Passed checks (4 passed)
Check name Status Explanation
Linked Issues check ✅ Passed Check skipped because no linked issues were found for this pull request.
Out of Scope Changes check ✅ Passed Check skipped because no linked issues were found for this pull request.
Title check ✅ Passed The title clearly and concisely describes the main change: opt-in background scenes behind the tinted-glass interface.
Description check ✅ Passed The description thoroughly explains the problem, implementation, UI behavior, scope, evidence, limitations, and verification. It includes before-and-after UI captures, although it uses equivalent head…
Full details: Docstring Coverage

Explanation

Docstring coverage is 37.50% which is insufficient. The required threshold is 80.00%. Docstring coverage is scoped to functions touched by this diff. Analyzed 8 functions across 8 files. (1 skipped: 1 unsupported.)

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Actionable comments posted: 2


  • 🪄 Fix CodeRabbit comments on this PR
🤖 Prompt to fix review comments
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Inline comments:
In `@apps/web/src/routes/__root.tsx`:
- Around line 298-309: Update ThemeBackgroundSync to use the reactive
themeHalves value returned by useTheme instead of readThemeHalves when calling
resolveThemeHalf, and include themeHalves in the effect dependencies so scene
and tint updates rerun after setThemeHalf changes.

In `@apps/web/src/themeBackground.ts`:
- Line 71: Update applyThemeBackground so the no-url path removes the document
body’s inline background-color property before returning, while preserving the
existing behavior for valid URLs.

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📥 Commits

Reviewing files that changed from the base of the PR and between 1de563c and 9585663.

📒 Files selected for processing (15)
  • apps/web/public/backgrounds/ember.webp
  • apps/web/public/backgrounds/grove.webp
  • apps/web/public/backgrounds/iris.webp
  • apps/web/public/backgrounds/ocean.webp
  • apps/web/public/backgrounds/t3-chat.webp
  • apps/web/src/components/settings/SettingsPanels.tsx
  • apps/web/src/components/settings/settingsSearch.ts
  • apps/web/src/hooks/useTheme.ts
  • apps/web/src/index.css
  • apps/web/src/routes/__root.tsx
  • apps/web/src/themeBackground.test.ts
  • apps/web/src/themeBackground.ts
  • docs/user/appearance.md
  • packages/contracts/src/settings.test.ts
  • packages/contracts/src/settings.ts

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Comment thread apps/web/src/routes/__root.tsx Outdated
Comment thread apps/web/src/themeBackground.ts
…a scene turns off

Review follow-up: ThemeBackgroundSync now consumes themeHalves from
useTheme so swapping the light/dark half re-derives the scene and tints,
and clearing a scene resets the body's inline background so the
stylesheet fill takes over again.
A themeBackgroundTransparency setting (0-100%, default 20) drives the
surface alpha over the scene via --backdrop-transparency, next to the
scene picker in Settings > Appearance. The per-appearance dim veil stays
theme-tuned so text contrast is preserved.
Comment thread apps/web/src/routes/__root.tsx
Review follow-up: with a scene active, chrome sync now uses the scene's
solid canvas tint instead of the translucent glass fills, so the window
frame and theme-color meta stay opaque and stable across scene and
transparency changes.
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The scenes were regenerated against a measured framing spec: horizon at
35-45% of height so the landscape lands in the open window area, quiet
left quarter behind the thread list, smooth top strip behind the
toolbar, focal detail near the right margin, and quiet lower third
under the composer. In-app review showed 30% transparency makes the
scene clearly present without costing text readability, so the default
moves from 20% to 30%.
The framing-optimized regeneration traded away the atmosphere that made
the first set work; the original misty scenes win. The transparency
slider stays for anyone who wants more of the scene.
Alpine, Aurora, Coastline, Dune, Fjord, Forest Lake, Highlands, Meadow,
Nightfall, and Terraces join the theme-matched scenes as always-available
picks, generated in the same soft, misty style as the originals. Auto
still follows the active theme; picked scenes stay across theme changes.
Comment thread apps/web/src/themeBackground.ts Outdated
Background scene now defaults to None so upgrading never changes how the
workspace looks. With a scene on, switch thumbs, checkboxes, radios, and
input-style controls keep a solid fill instead of turning see-through,
browser chrome re-syncs when a scene toggles, and a duplicated --background
override is gone.

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5.5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
@saphid saphid changed the title feat(web): add dimmed background scenes behind a tinted-glass interface feat(web): add opt-in background scenes behind a tinted-glass interface Sep 23, 2026
A custom theme whose id matched a standalone scene (for example
"alpine") picked that scene up on auto. Auto now resolves only
built-in theme ids.

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5.5 <noreply@anthropic.com>

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